Transaction

Transaction is a protocol-defined message that is stored as a part of a block, which is then stored as a part of a blockchain. The content usually consists of some kind of value transfer or on-chain program execution. Transactions are cryptographically signed by their authors, proving their authenticity.

Instruction

A transaction is made up of one or more instructions. An instruction is a lower-level command that tells the blockchain what action to perform. These actions can include transferring tokens, interacting with smart contracts, or even creating new accounts.